We show that the radical bundle of an algebra bundle is a Characteristic ideal bundle. Further we prove an algebra bundle is semisimple if and only if its derivation algebra bundle is either semisimple or zero.

In this paper, prime ideal bundles and semi-prime and irreducible ideal bundles of a Lie algebra bundle are defined and their relation with prime ideal bundles is studied.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a common injury in sports. Different techniques for reconstruction of this ligament have been suggested. This paper compares the knee kinematics between "single bundle" and "double bundle" ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon in a computerized knee model.Methods: A computer-knee modle was constructed. Then "single bundle" and "double bundle" ACL reconstruction was performed. The knee stability and ligament tension were tested in 3 different settings: 1) At 30o knee flexion under isolated posteroanterior load, valgus and rotational torque was applied, 2) In weight-bearing flexion range (from extension to 70o of flexion) an anterior load of 134 Newton was applied, 3) Knee model was loaded by a non-contact pivot farce to produce ACL rupture.Results: The results showed no significant difference between "single bundle" and "double bundle" under isolated loading. The second and third model, however, showed 4 times greater tension on the ligament in "single bundle". The "single bundle" in the second technique of testing (weight bearing) showed at most 7 mm more displacement compared with "double bundle". In the third testing technique "double bundle" was stronger than "single bundle" in valgus torque resistance. The internal rotation stability was also more in "double bundle".Conclusion: Functional stability of knee model of ACL reconstruction with a "double bundle" graft is superior to a "single bundle" graft.

Cardiac pacing is the only effective therapy for patients with symptomatic bradycardia in the absence of reversible etiologies. Right ventricular pacing (RVP) has been widely used for almost 60 years. However, RVP causes electric and mechanical dyssynchrony. Due to such effects, RVP is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and atrial fibrillation development. For these reasons, there is increasing interest in physiological pacing techniques that directly activate the specialized conduction system. There are two main methods for conduction system pacing: 1) His bundle Pacing (HBP) 2) Left bundle Pacing (LBP) HBP has gained prominence. Multiple studies have demonstrated the feasibility and clinical benefits of this technique...

Introduction: This study evaluated the degree of micro leakage of ideal Makoo and Tetric Flow composites using two dentin adhesives of Scotch Bond Multipurpose (SBMP) and Excite.Materials &Methods: 60 premolar teeth were divided in to four groups of 15. and class V cavity preparations were done in CEJ. Group 1 was rest orated with SBMP and ideal Makoo, Group II with SBMP and Tetric Flow, Group III with Excite and ideal Makoo, and Group IV with Excite and Tetric Flow. Stereomicroscope (X40) was used to evaluate and dye penetration in occlusal and gingival margins. Chi Square test, Pearson’s correlation test and Fishers exact test were used for data analysis (α= 0.05).Results: 1- The degree of leakage was not in correspondence to the type of composite.2- The degree of leakage was not in correspondence to the type of dentin adhesive.3- In four groups, the degree of leakage in gingival wall was significantly more than occlusal wall.Conclusion: Type of composite and dentin adhesive have no effect on degree of leakage. The important factor is the type of wall. It means that in class V restorations, gingival wall is always observed to have more micro leakage than occlusal wall.

Future and ideal are something problematic now more than every day before. In this frustrating fog occupying everywhere, all attempts have been assigned to individual needs, personal successes and close future. Collective ideal and far future have become secondary goals. In such conditions “, self”,will cut its ties from social context, will alienated from the society, from history and from itself and will tend to reification. What role university and academic training will play here? The specific question of this article is how each of the two approaches of natural sciences and human sciences will relate in this alienation? Social faculty of Tehran university has been selected as representative of human sciences and engineering faculty of Tehran university as representative of natural sciences. 15 students of each faculty were interviewed about their ideals, wishes and futures. According to the results, linear determinative scientific causal law dominated on natural sciences in engineering faculty will permeate to the world of human relations. In the sphere of these disciplines society is not an independent totality but just sum of the singular individuals. ideal and future have seen as not more than just personal success. In contrast in the fluid and multi-paradigm world of human sciences, relation between individual and society will be understood as complicated, multilateral and dialectical. Personal success and collective ideal will be seen as interwoven,and ideal will not know as just personal success inside the status quo, but the will of the change in the status quo itself.